Assessment of Nutritional Status in the Public About Anthropometry

One way of assessing nutritional status in the community is by measurement of the human body, known as Anthropometry. In use for the assessment of nutritional status, antropomteri presented in the form of an index that is associated with other variables. The variables are as follows (Arsad, RA. 2006):

a. Age
Age really plays a role in determining nutritional status, determination of fault will cause an incorrect interpretation of nutritional status. The results of weighing and accurate height, become meaningless if not accompanied by the determination of the appropriate age. Errors that often arises is the tendency to choose the number that is easy as 1 year, 1.5 years; 2 years. Therefore the determination of the child's age should be calculated carefully. Its provisions is one year is 12 months, one month is 30 days. So the calculation of age is the moon is full, meaning that the remaining life in days not taken into account (MOH, 2004).

b. Weight Loss
Weight loss is one measure that provides a mass of tissue, including body fluids. Weight loss is very sensitive to sudden changes either due to infectious diseases and food consumption declined. Body weight is expressed in index form MM / N (Weight Loss by Age) or assessment by looking at changes in body weight at the time of measurements carried out, which in its use provides a state now.

c. Height
Height growth function gives an overview of state visits and short little scrawny. Height is expressed in index form of TB / U (height for age), or also indexes BB / TB (Weight Loss by Height) is rarely done because the height changes are slow and usually only done once a year. Circumstances of this index generally gives the situation of the environment, poverty and unhealthy due to a chronic (MOH, 2004).

Body weight and height is an important parameter to determine the status of human health, especially those related to nutritional status. Usage Index BB / U, TB / U and BB / TB is an indicator of nutritional status to see any malfunctioning of growth and body composition. (Arsad, RA. 2006)

The use of weight and height will be more clear and sensitive / sensitive in showing the state of malnutrition when compared with the use of BW / U. Expressed in the BB / TB, according to WHO standards when the prevalence of underweight / wasting <-2SD above 10% indicates an area having a very serious nutritional problems and deal directly with morbidity. (Arsad, RA. 2006)

About General Nutrition Status Assessment indirectly

Assessment of nutritional status indirectly divided into 3 namely (Arsad, RA. 2006):
a. Survey of food consumption
Is a method of determining nutritional status indirectly by looking at the number and types of nutrients consumed.

b. vital Statistics
Is to analyze the data some health statistics like mortality rates by age, morbidity and mortality due to certain causes and other data relating to nutrition.

c. ecology
Based on the expression of Bengoa said that malnutrition is a problem of ecology as a result of interaction of several physical factors, biological, and cultural environments. The amount of food available is dependent on ecological circumstances such as climate, soil, irrigation, etc..

About General Nutrition Status Assessment is directly

Assessment of nutritional status is directly divided into four assessments are (Arsad, RA. 2006):
a. anthropometry
Anthropometry is the measure of the human body. While the nutritional anthropometry is associated with a variety of body dimensions and measurements of body composition and age levels and nutrient levels. Anthropometry is generally used to see a balance of protein and energy intake.

b. clinical
Clinical examination is a method to assess nutritional status based on the changes - changes that occur associated with insufficiency of nutrients, such as skin, eyes, hair, and oral mucosa or organs that are close to the surface of the body such as the thyroid gland.

c. biochemistry
Assessment of nutritional status with biochemical examination of the specimens are tested by laboratories that performed on various tissues. Body tissues that are used among others blood, urine, feces and also some body tissues such as liver and muscle.

d. biophysical
Assessment of nutritional status in biophysics is the method of determining the nutritional status by involving kemamapuan function and see the changing structure of the network ..

Nutrition Disorders Causes

1. Ignorance of the relationship between food and health
In everyday social life - the day is often seen that even though the family earn enough but the food is served potluck only. (Moehji, Sjahmin. 2002)

2. Prejudiced against certain foods
Many foods are actually high nutritional value but not used or used only on a limited basis due prasangkaan bad to the food ingredients. Use of food ingredients that are considered lower the dignity of the family. Types of vegetables such as genjer, turi leaves, cassava leaves even the rich in iron, vitamin A and protein, in some areas are still considered a food that lowers the dignity of the family. (Moehji, Sjahmin. 2002)

3. The existence of adverse habits or abstinence
The various customs associated with eating certain foods abstinence is still frequently encountered, especially in rural areas. Habits of pregnant women to eat certain foods that are not of the prohibition of the doctor, actually would be detrimental to the mother's own health. (Moehji, Sjahmin. 2002)

4. Excessive passions against certain types of food
Excessive favorite food of a certain type of food (Food Faddisme) will result in less varied diet and will result in the body does not obtain all the necessary nutrients. (Moehji, Sjahmin. 2002)

5. Limited family income
There is no denying that the family income will also determine the meals for a family day - the day, both quality and quantity of food. Knowledge of the levels of nutrients in various foodstuffs, food ingredients for health usefulness family can help mothers choose foodstuffs whose prices are not so expensive but high nutritional value. (Moehji, Sjahmin. 2002)

6. Birth spacing is too tight
Many research results that prove that many children who suffer from nutritional disorders because his mother was pregnant again or a new sister is born, so do not take good care of her mother. (Moehji, Sjahmin. 2002)

understanding Nutrition

The word nutrition comes from the Arabic of Ghidza which means food. Food is anything that is worn or used by humans to be alive. (Yuniastuti, Ari. 2008)

Nutritional status (manutrition status) is a picture of a state of balance between the needs of substance intake - nutrient for the growth process. The imbalance between the intake to the needs of substances - nutrients will lead to disruption of metabolic processes in the body which in turn affects the growth process of physical and non physical. Real picture of the imbalance caused by the need for intake of nutrients will be visible on the physical growth that is taking into account height, weight, and body size. (BOHKASIM. 2009)

Nutritional science is the study of processes occurring in living organisms, including retrieval and processing of solid and liquid substances from food (digestion, transport and excretion) are needed to maintain life, growth, proper functioning of body organs and produce energy. (Yuniastuti, Ari. 2008)